With compound interest, the gains you earn are reinvested and go on to earn their own gains, so growth accelerates over time. It is the central force behind long-term investing: the earlier you start, the more time compounding has to work. The same force works against you on debt, where unpaid interest is added to the balance.
The Rule of 72 estimates doubling time: at 7%, money doubles in about 72 ÷ 7 ≈ 10 years.
Compound interest is the reason a small amount invested in your 20s beats a large amount invested in your 40s. Understanding how it works changes how you think about every financial decision.
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