How much can I contribute to a 529 plan each year before gift tax rules kick in?

A 529 has no federal annual contribution cap, but contributions are treated as gifts to the beneficiary. In 2025 you can give up to the annual gift tax exclusion ($19,000 per giver, per beneficiary, indexed by the IRS) without filing a gift tax return; a married couple can combine for double. Go above that and you file Form 709, which typically just reduces your lifetime exemption rather than creating a tax bill. Most states also set a high lifetime maximum balance per beneficiary, often $500,000 or more, after which new contributions are refused. Contribute steadily rather than in large lumps unless you are deliberately superfunding. To size your target and monthly amount, try the College Planner at wealthserene.com/tools/college-planner.