How do I actually initiate a 401(k) rollover step by step?

First, open the receiving account (a new employer's 401(k) or an IRA) so you have somewhere for the money to land. Second, contact your old plan's recordkeeper and request a direct rollover, giving them the receiving custodian's details; specify direct so no tax is withheld. Third, tell them how to handle the check, ideally payable to the new custodian for your benefit, mailed to you to forward or sent directly.

Keep pre-tax and Roth balances separated during the move so the tax character is preserved. Once the money arrives, confirm it is invested rather than sitting in cash, a step many people forget. Save all confirmations for your records. Avoid indirect rollovers where the check comes to you personally, which start the risky 60-day clock and trigger 20% withholding.