Do Roth withdrawals affect how much of my Social Security is taxed?

No — qualified Roth IRA and Roth 401(k) withdrawals do not count toward provisional income, so they will not push more of your Social Security into the taxable range. This is one of the biggest hidden advantages of Roth accounts in retirement. By contrast, withdrawals from traditional 401(k)s and IRAs, capital gains, and even tax-exempt municipal bond interest all raise provisional income and can cause up to 85% of your benefits to become taxable. A smart sequence is to do Roth conversions in lower-income years before claiming Social Security, then draw on Roth assets later to keep provisional income — and Medicare IRMAA premiums — in check. Coordinating Roth, taxable, and tax-deferred withdrawals can meaningfully cut your lifetime tax bill. Plan the order at wealthserene.com/tools/tax-strategies.